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Cannabinoids and their effects
Cannabinoids are compounds with a wide spectrum of effects and therapeutic potential. Research in this field continues and may bring new possibilities in the treatment of various diseases. It is important to pay attention to the safety and regulation of the use of cannabinoids in medicine to ensure their optimal benefit to patients.
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Hemp produces a variety of compounds known as plant cannabinoids, many of which have not been found in any other plant. Most of them are present at very low levels, especially in commercial cannabis products.
However, there are over 100 known cannabinoids, all with incredibly specific effects and benefits. The most prominent and well-known are delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). THC is a psychoactive cannabinoid, while CBD does not have psychoactive effects but has anti-inflammatory and other beneficial effects.
THC is the only plant cannabinoid that we know for sure has intoxicating effects on its own. There is also evidence to suggest that THCV may also have intoxicating effects, although this is dose dependent. However, like most other plant cannabinoids, THCV is not usually found in large quantities in commercial cannabis products.
Cannabinoids are compounds with a wide spectrum of effects and therapeutic potential. Research in this field continues and may bring new possibilities in the treatment of various diseases. It is important to pay attention to the safety and regulation of the use of cannabinoids in medicine to ensure their optimal benefit to patients.
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Types of cannabinoids and their effects
Cannabinoids are molecules that interact with cannabinoid receptors in the human body. There are three main types of cannabinoids: phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoids.
Phytocoids are cannabinoids that come from plants, while endocannabinoids are cannabinoids that are produced by the human body.
Synthetic cannabinoids are cannabinoids that are created in a laboratory. Cannabinoids interact with cannabinoid receptors to regulate various functions in the body such as inflammation, pain perception, mood and memory. They can also be used to treat various medical conditions.
For example, CBD is a non-psychotropic cannabinoid that is often used to treat epilepsy and other neurological disorders. THC is a psychotropic cannabinoid that is often used to treat pain and nausea. CBG is a non-psychotropic cannabinoid that is used for its potential anti-cancer properties.
Cannabinoids can also be used recreationally. THC is the main psychoactive cannabinoid in marijuana and produces the psychotropic effects associated with cannabis use. CBD produces almost no psychotropic effects, but it has a number of medical benefits, such as increasing appetite, increasing energy, and also helping the metabolism work better.
How do endocannabinoids work?
Endocannabinoids are molecules that the body produces to help regulate basic functions such as sleep, appetite, mood, and pain. They work by binding to cannabinoid receptors located throughout the body.
There are two main types of cannabinoid receptors, CB₁ and CB₂. CB₁ receptors are primarily found in the brain and central nervous system, while CB₂ receptors are found mostly in the immune system.
The binding of endocannabinoids to these receptors alters the release of neurotransmitters in the brain, which in turn produces various effects on mood, pain perception, and other functions
The human body also produces endocannabinoids. They are similar to the cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant (phytocannabinoids), but have different effects. Endocannabinoids produced by the body bind to both CB1 and CB₂ receptors. Endocannabinoids play an important role in maintaining a healthy balance and regulating several vital processes, including the immune system, improving mood, appetite, sleep, chronic and neuropathic pain relief.
Sources:
1. [online]. [cit. 2023-03-23]. Available from: https://www.discovermagazine.com/lifestyle/what-are-cannabinoids-their-benefits-side-effects-and-more
2. [online]. [cit. 2023-03-23]. Available from: https://www.leafly.com/news/cannabis-101/list-major-cannabinoids-cannabis-effects
